VulkanのCompute Shaderはグラフィック処理と連携するために使うものであって
OpenCLの代わりに使う流れにはなってないぞ
OpenCLのカーネル自体をVulkanから呼び出して使えるようにする計画 (clspv) はあるようだが

https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Ecosystem/issues/42#issuecomment-450966378 より
>a. OpenCL is not going away or being absorbed into Vulkan - OpenCL Next development is active
>b. In parallel with a. - it is good for developer choice if Vulkan also grows its compute capabilities
>c. OpenCL can help b. through projects like clspv that test and push the bounds of what OpenCL
>kernels can be run effectively over a Vulkan run-time - and maybe inspire Vulkan compute capabilities to be expanded.